A formal structure that defines how data is organised within a database.
Components
Entities: primary containers used to group related data (e.g., tables, collections, or nodes).Attributes: specific properties assigned to each entity (e.g., fields, keys, or properties).Data Formats: specification of the type or structure of information allowed (e.g., primitives, strings, or complex objects like JSON).Validation Rules: logic used to enforce data integrity and correctness (e.g., type checks, range constraints, or uniqueness constraints).Associations: The logical links or connections between different entities (e.g., relationships, edges, or references).